“Solubilized Sturgeon Oil” (SSO) is an oil extracted from sturgeon that has undergone special processing to enhance its solubility. This oil is rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid), as well as other beneficial nutrients.
SSO is commonly used as an ingredient in health supplements and cosmetics due to its multiple benefits for cardiovascular health, skin health, and overall well-being. Omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for heart health, helping to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, they have soothing and moisturizing effects on the skin, improving its appearance and texture.
Therefore, SSO is widely utilized as a nutritional ingredient in health and beauty products, providing numerous health and cosmetic benefits.
The process of creating Solubilized Sturgeon Oil (SSO) begins by isolating oil from sturgeon extract, which is then solubilized using physical methods. This innovative process has been patented in Korea under patent number 10-2451704, registered on September 30, 2022. SSO has undergone rigorous testing for its skin benefits. It promotes collagen synthesis, significantly increasing collagen production in CCD-986sk cells, as confirmed by the Korea Testing & Research Institute in 2019. Additionally, it helps prevent collagen degradation by inhibiting collagenase in the same type of cells, further validated by the institute. Moreover, SSO inhibits melanin production in B16-F10 cells, offering whitening effects as confirmed by research conducted in 2020.
This study, published in the Journal of Functional Foods, explores how solubilized sturgeon oil can improve atopic dermatitis caused by house dust mites in mice. Researchers, including Mr Yong-Kwang Lee and Dr. Chong-Kil Lee, investigated its therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms.
Fish oil is known to help with atopic dermatitis (AD), and this study looked at a specific type called Soluble Sturgeon Oil (SSO). Researchers tested SSO on mice with AD caused by house dust mites. They found that SSO:
- Reduced skin thickening and decreased mast cell buildup.
- Lowered total and specific IgE levels (related to allergies).
- Reduced inflammation by lowering several inflammatory markers.
- Increased proteins that help maintain skin barrier function.
These results suggest that SSO can effectively ease AD symptoms, reduce allergy markers, lower inflammation, and strengthen skin barriers. SSO could be a promising natural option for treating AD.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by intense itching and eczematous lesions, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. The prevalence of AD has been increasing globally, prompting the need for effective therapeutic interventions. Current treatments, including topical corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, often provide only temporary relief and may be associated with adverse effects with long-term use. Therefore, there is a growing interest in exploring natural and alternative treatments that can offer sustainable management of AD with minimal side effects.
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The image illustrates the key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, which include both the impairment of skin barrier function and abnormal immune responses.
1. Impairment of Skin Barrier Function:
- Tight-junction proteins: These proteins, such as Filaggrin, Claudin-1, and Occludin, are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the skin barrier. A decrease in these proteins weakens the barrier, making the skin more susceptible to irritants, allergens, and microbial invasion.
- Ceramide: Ceramide is a lipid that helps retain moisture and maintain the skin’s protective barrier. Reduced levels of ceramide lead to dry, flaky skin and increased permeability.
- Antimicrobial peptides: These peptides play a role in the skin’s defense against pathogens. A reduction in antimicrobial peptides compromises the skin’s ability to fend off infections.
- Serine protease: Increased levels of serine protease enzymes can degrade skin proteins and contribute to skin barrier dysfunction.
- Tight junction disorders: These disorders further compromise the skin’s barrier function, allowing allergens and microbes to penetrate more easily.
2. Abnormal Immune Function:
- IgE levels: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an antibody associated with allergic reactions. Elevated IgE levels indicate an overactive immune response to allergens.
- Th2 cells: T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are a subset of T cells that play a crucial role in the immune response associated with atopic dermatitis. An increase in Th2 cells leads to enhanced allergic inflammation.
- Th2 cytokines: Cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31 are produced by Th2 cells and contribute to the inflammatory response seen in atopic dermatitis.
- FcεRI expression: This high-affinity IgE receptor is found on the surface of immune cells like mast cells and basophils. Increased expression of FcεRI enhances the cells’ sensitivity to allergens, leading to allergic reactions.
- Sensitization to allergens: The skin’s compromised barrier allows allergens to penetrate, leading to sensitization and subsequent allergic reactions.
- TSLP production: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine produced by epithelial cells. Increased production of TSLP promotes Th2 immune responses, contributing to the inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
This figure presents data demonstrating the effects of SSO on epidermal tissue hyperproliferation and mast cell infiltration in dermal tissue. Here’s a detailed explanation of the results:
(A) Epidermal Tissue Hyperproliferation
- Neg (Negative Control): Shows normal epidermal thickness.
- Pos (Positive Control): Exhibits significant hyperproliferation of the epidermis.
- Dexa (Dexamethasone Treatment): Reduces the hyperproliferation compared to the positive control.
- Feed (SSO Feeding): Shows reduced epidermal thickness compared to the positive control.
- Topical (Topical SSO Application): Also shows reduced epidermal thickness.
- Fd+Tp (Combined Feeding and Topical SSO): Demonstrates the most effective reduction in epidermal thickness, comparable to normal levels.
(B) Mast Cell Infiltration
- Neg (Negative Control): Few mast cells (indicated by red arrows).
- Pos (Positive Control): A significant increase in mast cell infiltration.
- Dexa (Dexamethasone Treatment): Reduces mast cell infiltration significantly.
- Feed (SSO Feeding): Shows reduced mast cell infiltration compared to the positive control.
- Topical (Topical SSO Application): Also reduces mast cell infiltration.
- Fd+Tp (Combined Feeding and Topical SSO): Shows the most effective reduction in mast cell infiltration, with levels close to the negative control.
(C) Quantification of Epidermal Thickness
- The bar graph quantifies epidermal thickness across different treatments.
- Neg: Baseline epidermal thickness.
- Pos: Significantly increased thickness (P < 0.01).
- Dexa: Reduced thickness (P < 0.01 compared to Pos).
- Feed: Reduced thickness (P < 0.001 compared to Pos).
- Topical: Reduced thickness (P < 0.001 compared to Pos).
- Fd+Tp: Significantly reduced thickness, almost normal (P < 0.001 compared to Pos).
(D) Quantification of Mast Cell Count
- The bar graph quantifies the number of mast cells.
- Neg: Baseline mast cell count.
- Pos: Increased mast cell count (P < 0.001).
- Dexa: Reduced mast cell count (P < 0.001 compared to Pos).
- Feed: Reduced mast cell count (P < 0.001 compared to Pos).
- Topical: Reduced mast cell count (P < 0.001 compared to Pos).
- Fd+Tp: Significantly reduced mast cell count, nearly normalized (P < 0.001 compared to Pos).
Conclusion
The results indicate that SSO, whether through feeding, topical application, or combined use, effectively inhibits hyperproliferation of epidermal tissue and reduces mast cell infiltration into dermal tissue. The combined approach (Fd+Tp) appears to be the most effective in normalizing both parameters.
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